About TP53
The TP53 gene on chromosome 17p13.1 encodes the p53 tumor suppressor protein, often called the "guardian of the genome." TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer, with mutations found in over 50% of all tumors. The gene spans ~20 kb with 11 exons.
NCBI Gene ID: 7157 | RefSeq: NM_000546.6 | Genomic: NC_000017.11 (7661779-7687550)
TP53 Primer Design Challenges
- Hotspot regions: Codons 175, 245, 248, 249, 273, 282 account for ~30% of all mutations
- High mutation density: Over 25,000 TP53 variants in ClinVar
- GC-rich exons 4-8: Contain most hotspot codons but are GC-rich (55-65%)
- Intron size variation: Introns 1 and 2 are very large (10+ kb)
- Alternative splicing: Multiple isoforms affect primer design
Recommended Primer Design Parameters for TP53
| Parameter | Standard Exons | Hotspot Exons (4-8) |
|---|---|---|
| Primer length | 20-22 nt | 22-25 nt |
| GC content | 40-55% | 50-60% |
| Tm | 58-62°C | 60-65°C |
| Amplicon size | 150-300 bp | 200-400 bp |
| Annealing temp | 58-60°C | 62-65°C |
Key Mutation Hotspots to Cover
| Codon | Exon | Common Mutations | Cancer Types |
|---|---|---|---|
| 175 | 5 | R175H, R175C | Multiple |
| 245 | 7 | G245S, G245D | Breast, colorectal |
| 248 | 7 | R248Q, R248W | Lung, breast |
| 249 | 7 | R249S | Hepatocellular |
| 273 | 8 | R273H, R273C | Colorectal, breast |
| 282 | 8 | R282W | Multiple |
Research Use Only
All TP53 primers designed with VigyanLLM are for research use only. Clinical diagnostic use requires independent wet-lab validation and regulatory approval.
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Pre-configured for TP53 hotspot targeting. Enter exon number or codon position.
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